seven deadly sins_seven deadly
seven deadly sins是一个非常重要的话题,可以从不同的角度进行思考和讨论。我愿意与您分享我的见解和经验。
1.旧约七大罪是什么
2.seven deadly sins是什么意思
3.有几个关于原罪的问题请教!我对西方宗教一知半解!见谅!
4.七宗罪Seven deadly sins
5.《网游之悠闲人生》txt全集下载
旧约七大罪是什么
旧约与七宗罪:
在西方宗教的圣经里,“7”是一个神秘的数字,这一点在旧约中有最充分的表现。到十六世纪后,基督教更直接用撒旦的七个恶魔的形象来代表七种罪恶. 7 deadly Sins 是由13世纪神学家 Thomas Aquinas 列出来的。包括
傲慢 (Pride)
嫉妒(Envy)
暴怒(Anger)
懒惰(Sloth)
贪婪(Greed)
暴食(Gluttony
*欲(Lust)
**《七宗罪》:
威廉是纽约警察局的刑事警官,也是个凶杀案专家,他当了32年的警察,多年来几乎每一分钟都在辛劳地工作,他也看到和感受到了太多的不幸,他觉得疲惫极了,幸好现在还有7天他就要退休了,终于可以享享清福了。
为了接替他的工作,上司又给他派了一个新搭档——年轻气盛的米尔斯,他是和妻子翠西一同搬到纽约来的,起初翠西并不同意来这座繁乱的城市,但米尔斯认为只有这里才能让他接手一些重要的案子,于是在他的百般劝说下,翠西才同意了。威廉作风严谨,办事老成,米尔斯则有些冲动,心高气傲的他对威廉办案的方式很不以为然。
也许是冥冥之中已经注定了的,米尔斯的第一个案子正是威廉的最后一个案子——一个胖得出奇的男人在家中被杀了,可是在现场,米尔斯和威廉却没有发现什么线索。
紧接着另一起案子发生了,一位富有的辩护律师格特被,在凶案现场的地板上,凶手用血写着两个字:贪婪。细心的威廉重新回到前一个案发现场,不露掉每一个蛛丝马迹,终于在冰箱后面发现了两个字:暴食。这时他们才醒悟到原来他是被强迫吃下大量的东西直到胃被撑破而死的。
威廉猛想到了《失乐园》中的语句——基督教的七重罪孽:暴食、贪婪、懒惰、愤怒、骄傲、*欲和嫉妒。他认为接下来还会发生5个谋杀案,分别与其他的诫条可怕地联系起来,可米尔斯却并不相信。
翠西邀请威廉来家中吃饭。米尔斯有些不高兴,但翠西却和威廉谈得很愉快。
在现场发现的指纹使格特的当事人毒贩维克多成了怀疑对象。他有前科,而且有心理疾病。但当警察赶去拘捕他时,却发现他早已经死了,在墙上写着“懒惰”二字。
通过图书馆内部的调查资料,威廉终于把目标锁定为记者约翰·多伊——一个为了不留下自己的指纹而将手指上的皮剥掉的变态者。但当威廉和米尔斯前去寻找他时,他已经溜走了。在约翰家中,他们发现了一个金发的照片。但等他们找到她时,她也死了,旁边又是“*欲”两个字。
到星期日,威廉就要退休了,而约翰打来电话告诉他们他又下手了。——一个女人赤裸地死在床上,旁边写着“骄傲”。威廉决定办完这个案子再退休,可约翰却突然来自首了。谨慎的威廉认为事情不会如此简单,因为还有两条罪未完成,约翰一定还有花招。
约翰招认还有两具尸体,并愿意带他们去找。这时,有人给米尔斯送了个包裹来。威廉打开时却发现了里面竟是翠西的头颅,约翰告诉米尔斯是“嫉妒”杀死了翠西。
盛怒和悲伤之下的米尔斯无法控制自己,开枪打死了约翰——他犯了“愤怒”之罪,是完成7条训诫的最后一人。
看着米尔斯被押上警车,威廉面对夕阳默默无语。
想像或者宿命
影片的英文名字只有一个醒目而惊心的单词——“Seven”,它在宗教上是个神秘的数字,这一点在《旧约》中有最充分的表现。上帝用7天造亚当,取出亚当的第7根肋骨造了夏娃。撒旦的原身是有7个头的火龙,世界共有7名堕落天使被称为撒旦。到了16世纪后,天主教更直接用撒旦的7个恶魔的形象来代表7种罪恶——傲慢,嫉妒,暴怒,懒惰,贪婪,饕餮,以及*欲。
七宗罪与堕天使
“Seven”在宗教上是个神秘的数字,上帝用七天造亚当,取出亚当的第七根肋骨造了夏娃。撒旦的原身是有七个头的火龙,同时共有七名堕落天使被称为撒旦,所以基督教用撒旦的七个恶魔的形象来代表七种罪恶(七宗罪,the seven deadlysins):饕餮(Gluttony)、贪婪(Greed)、懒惰(Sloth)、*欲(Lust)、嫉妒(Envy)、暴怒(Wrath)、傲慢(Pride)
傲慢之罪为路西华(Lucifer),贪欲为玛蒙(Mammon),好色为阿斯蒙蒂斯(Asmodeus),愤怒为撒旦(Satan),暴食为贝鲁赛巴布(Beelzebul),懒惰为贝利亚(Berial),而利卫旦(Leviathan)为嫉妒之罪。(对于七宗罪所指的人物说法不一,以上只是其中的一种。)
但是究竟出自圣经的哪一章节,我不能确定,因为我好象没看到这七宗罪是出自圣经的!
撒旦 (Satan) ,其实是一个代称,意思是“敌对者”,在《失乐园》中 ,大天使拉斐尔对亚当说:“撒旦是他现在的名字,他当年在天上的名 号已失迭。”。圣 经中撒旦的形像,首先就是那条引诱了夏娃的聪明 的蛇了吧?其次就是在荒野中指点 给耶稣世间的万国和万国的荣华, 并且说到,“只要你肯拜我,这一切都是你的”的 魔鬼了吧?几乎 都是负面的形像,可是不知怎么会给我留下很美好的印象呢。总体感 觉是一个冷静聪明的小恶魔呢。撒旦是地狱中最大的魔王,有七名 堕天使可以被称为撒旦。其中最有名的莫过于 Lucifer了(在上文中我已经 讲述了这一误会),其余也被称为撒旦的魔王列于下:
Abadon:《启示录》记载,在第五位天使吹响号角时会出现的“破坏者” ,号角一响,天上一颗星就会降临地上,打开通往冒着蔽天黑烟的无底 深坑的洞口大门,然后以 Abadon 为首的蝗虫魔军要出来,让人类受五个月的折磨。 Abadon 是希伯来字 abad—他会-产生的,希□文译为 Apollyon,就是“破坏者”。
Samael:基督教圣经没记载,是在外典《希□语 Balk 启示录》登场 的堕天使。其名有“有毒的光辉使者”的含意,盖 sam即希伯来文之 “毒”之谓也。在该书中,指称所谓的知识树其实只是 Samael 种的 葡萄树,神诅咒这颗树,禁止人类去吃,ADAM 吃了发酵的葡萄,等 于是喝了酒,因而被神放逐。 Samael 原具炽天使位格,为负12枚翼 之蛇形天使 (也有人说炽天使的形象便是蛇),在人间又以“死之天使” 闻名,“Samael 持着尖端涂以胆汁的枪,立于夜嗥的狗的前头,边走 边散布死亡。”
Berial:“无价值”、“无益处”等意,奇怪的名字。以身为第一位诞 生的天使而自负,自称原名 Satanail,是所有堕天使中最危险、凶恶的 一名。他在堕天后最成功的一次反扑行动是唆使犹大王国再次悖逆神, 转而膜拜其邪术,以致见弃于神、被巴比伦灭亡。
Berial 原为力天使,如此高洁的素质,使其即使沦落地狱仍拥有优雅高贵 的气质,但据《失乐园》描述,却是金玉其外败 絮其中的一介懦夫。情愿 在地狱苟且偷生,冀望神把他们的罪行忘记之后可以翻身。 但在《死海文书》之《光之子与□之子之战》中,则指称 Berial 为天之 副君主,□之军团的统率、叛天的首谋首恶。
Beelzebul:又名 Baal-Zebul、Baal-Zebub,“豪宅之主”、“苍蝇王”。 在希□神话中也有这名魔王的痕迹,因为万神之父,Zeus 又名“避讳苍 蝇者”。事实上,Baal-Zebul 在巴勒斯坦的名气仅次于 Lucifer,即使在 耶稣为人治病时都有人质疑他是否*着鬼王 Beelzebul 赶鬼。《失乐园》 将其描绘成深思熟虑、外貌威严的贤者,在堕天者中仅次于 Lucifer。
Azazel:如前述
Mastema:希伯来文的“恶意”、亚兰语的“谴责者”。在《以诺书》 中有许多这名堕天使的故事。基本上和Azazel同是看守天使的指挥者。
Satanael 或 Satanail:是于10世纪前半于马其顿 (今保加利亚、南斯拉 夫一带) 兴起的 Bogomil派所引入的恶魔名号。《以诺书》也提过这个 名字,不过是说他是看守天使的一员。 在Bogomil 派眼中的神灵观, 是说 Satanael 和 基督 (Christ) 是神的双生兄弟,Satanael 成为天使中 最崇高的天使,坐于神的右席。 因为想更进一步取得和神平等的地位 而和追随他的1/3天使一齐被逐出天界。 既当不成天界的神,就想自己 创造一个自己的天地来当这个新天地的神。于是创造了物质的世界、 ADAM 和 Eve 等等。 神允许他支配这个天地。这个思想和 Gnosticism 极其类似,总之就是要彻底弃绝一切物质的享受,以否定恶魔的创世 功迹,并寻求回归至高神前。Gnosticism 认为至高神在人体内封印了 至高神的元灵之光,若要打败创世神 (恶魔、Satanael) ,就必须找 出这个光。 Satanael 当然具有炽天使的位格,因此十二翼也是顺理成章。
16世纪后, Satanael被基督教当作是the seven deadly sins(七宗罪)的 化身 : Lucifer 的骄傲、 Mammon 的贪婪、 Satan的愤怒、 Asmodeus的欲望、 Beelzebul的暴食、 Leviathan的嫉妒、 Belphegor的怠惰。 上述的恶魔们并非 Satanael 的化身, 而是 Satanael 身负的各罪孽的代表性魔神。 不过从现在的角度看,这个七宗罪只不过是中世纪基督教的胡扯而已:p
除了在 Satan 那一节已介绍的外,那些具代 表性的魔物们介绍如下:
Mammon : 于新旧约时代之间于犹太人间兴起的恶魔名号,又名 Amaimon,是古叙利亚语“财富”之意。是财富的邪神, 诱使人为财富互相杀戮。在《失乐园》中,被打入地狱的众天 使们便在 Mammon 的指挥下发掘无数的珍宝以建造自己的圣殿。
Ashmodeus:这个魔神可能是由□教从波斯传过来的,原本是景 教魔神 Ahriman 的六大手下之一, Aeshma-deva,乃情欲之魔神。 演化进基督教,是在外典《托比特书》 (Tobit,犹太被巴比伦灭了 之后,被虏至巴比伦的以色列人之一) 中登场的。 他独占中意的 人类女子,杀掉所有与那女子成亲的男子。最后被大天使拉斐尔 施计逼出原形,逃往埃及后被大天使加百列擒住。
Leviathan:在旧约《约伯记》中,神在旋风中向约伯展现的巨鳄 ,源自于以色列人在埃及所吸取的拜蛇文化。 古人见蛇脱皮而 去,误以为蛇是不死的生灵,故各地均有蛇崇拜的习俗,其变 形便如鳄、龙神的崇拜。《约伯记》除记载了巨鳄Leviathan 外,还有巨兽 Beheemoth,成为今日巨兽的代名词。
Belphegor:原为亚述的魔神之一,厌恶女性。被基督教文化吸 收之后,原本的形象已荡然无存,不知怎地成了怠惰的象徵。
七宗罪并不出自旧约某个章节,而是贯穿始终的!
seven deadly sins是什么意思
英语是:gluttony。
解释:
gluttony 英[?gl?t?ni] 美[?ɡl?tni]
n. 暴饮暴食; 善饥; 饕餮;
[例句]Gluttony is a deadly sin.
饕餮是七宗罪之一。
Right, but pride comes first, not gluttony.
但第一层是骄傲,而不是饕餮。
More are killed by gluttony than by the sword. A glutton derives sensual pleasuresfrom eating.
死于暴食者多于死于剑下者。暴食者可从吃中得到感官上的愉悦。
Jogging becomes a sort of penance for our sins of gluttony, greed, and waste.
慢跑成了我们对自己的饕餮,贪婪,以及浪费的赎罪。
Gluttony is one of the seven deadlysins.
饕餮是七种致命罪恶中的一种。
有几个关于原罪的问题请教!我对西方宗教一知半解!见谅!
seven deadly sins
n.七大罪
七大罪;七种要命的罪恶;七致命的罪;七宗死罪报
双语例句
1. Greed is one of the seven deadly sins .
贪婪是七罪宗之一。
2. There are seven deadly sins that everyone should be reminded of.
有7种不可饶恕的罪行是每个人都应该谨记的.
3. Isn't ridicule one of the seven deadly sins?
嘲笑不是七致命的罪之一 吗 ?
4. Seven deadly sins . Seven ways to die.
历尽七层洗尽死罪,以致人间天堂.
5. Pride is one of those seven deadly sins.
你大概听说过七种致命的罪.
七宗罪Seven deadly sins
1、《七宗罪》里面所说的“七宗罪”
基督教用撒旦的七个恶魔的形象来代表七种罪恶(七宗罪,the seven deadlysins):饕餮(Gluttony)、贪婪(Greed)、懒惰(Sloth)、*欲(Lust)、嫉妒(Envy)、暴怒(Wrath)、傲慢(Pride)
傲慢之罪为路西华(Lucifer),贪欲为玛蒙(Mammon),好色为阿斯蒙蒂斯(Asmodeus),愤怒为撒旦(Satan),暴食为贝鲁赛巴布(Beelzebul),懒惰为贝利亚(Berial),而利卫旦(Leviathan)为嫉妒之罪。(对于七宗罪所指的人物说法不一,以上只是其中的一种。)
2、自杀是要下地狱。只要有还没有悔改的罪就不能上天堂。
3、“人要是有罪只要向主忏悔就可以得到主的原谅!”是这样的——约壹1:9 我们若认自己的罪,神是信实的,是公义的,必要赦免我们的罪,洗净我们一切的不义。
“哪些罪主不会原谅呢?”——可3:28-29 我实在告诉你们,世人一切的罪和一切亵渎的话都可得赦免;凡亵渎圣灵的,却永不得赦免,乃要担当永远的罪。
《网游之悠闲人生》txt全集下载
Sex
Gluttony 暴食
Greed 贪婪
Lazy 懒惰
Jealousy 嫉妒
Pride 傲慢
Rage 暴怒
七宗罪——饕餮、贪婪、懒惰、*欲、傲慢、嫉妒和暴怒——被天主教认为是遭永劫的七种大罪,曾屡次出现在《圣经》、著名绘画作品及中世纪教会人士布道的题目中,特别是在托马斯·阿奎那的宗教著作、但丁的《神曲》和乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》中的论述犹为著名。
“Seven”在宗教上是个神秘的数字,这一点在旧约中有最充分的表现。上帝用七天造亚当,取出亚当的第七根肋骨造了夏娃。撒旦的原身是有七个头的火龙(《启示录》第十二章第三节写道:“有一条大红龙,七头,也戴着冠冕……火龙就是那古蛇,名叫魔鬼,又叫撒旦,是迷惑普天下的……”),撒旦也是地狱中最大的魔王,共有七名堕落天使被称为撒旦,其中最有名的莫过于路西法 (Lurifer),《失乐园》记述的其实就是路西法,其余六名被称为撒旦魔王的堕落天使是:何撒兹勒 (Azazel,**《驱魔人》中提及的恶魔。) 、别西人(Beelzubub)、彼列 (Beliel)、亚巴顿 (Abadon)、莫斯提马 (Mastema)、萨麦尔 (Samael)。到十六世纪后,基督教更直接用撒旦的七个恶魔的形象来代表七种罪恶(七宗罪,the seven deadly sins):傲慢 (Pride),嫉妒(Envy),暴怒(Wrath),懒惰(Sloth),贪婪(Greed),饕餮(Gluttony),以及贪欲(Lust)。
七宗罪
七宗罪属于人类恶行的分类,并由13世纪神道会神父圣多玛斯?阿奎纳列举出各种恶行的表现。天主教教义中提出‘按若望格西安和教宗额我略一世的见解,分辨出教徒常遇到的重大恶行’。‘重大’在这里的意思在于这些恶行属于原罪,例如盗贼的贪婪源于欲望。
这些恶行最初是由希腊神学修道士庞义伐草撰出8种损害个人灵性的恶行,分别是贪食、好色、贪财、伤悲、愤怒、懒惰、自负及骄傲。庞义伐观察到当时的人们逐渐变得自我中心,尤以骄傲为甚。懒惰在这里是指‘精神上懒惰’。
六世纪后期,教宗额我略一世将那8种罪行减至7项,将自负归并入骄傲,懒惰归并入伤悲,并加入妒忌。他的排序准则在于对爱的遗背程度。其顺次序为:骄傲、妒忌、愤怒,伤悲、贪婪、贪食及好色。较后期的神学家如圣多玛斯?阿奎纳则对这个排序方式抱有不同的意见。
相对于七宗罪,天主教列出了七德行(谦卑,温纯,善施,贞洁,适度,热心及慷概)。
‘重大恶行’与不可饶恕的大罪是不可混而一谈。
但丁在神曲里根据恶行的严重性顺序排列七宗罪,其次序为:
一)好色-不合法礼的,例如通奸。(但丁的标准是‘过份爱慕对方’,而这样便会贬低了神对人们的爱)。
二)贪食-浪费食物,或是过度放纵食欲、酗酒或屯积过量的食物(但丁的观点是‘过份贪图逸乐’)。
三)贪婪-希望占有比所需更多为之贪婪(或是以但丁的观点,贪婪是‘过度热衷于寻求金钱上或权力上的优越’)。
四)懒惰-懒惰及浪费时间
懒惰被宣告为有罪是因为:
其他人需更努力工作以填补缺失
因应该的事情还没有做好,对自己是百害而无一利
均衡:一方比另一方付出更多(从但丁的神学观念上去看,懒惰是‘未能全心爱上帝,未能全副精神爱上帝,未能全人之心灵爱上帝’-具体来说包括懒惰、怯懦、缺乏想像力、满足及无责任心。
五)愤怒-源自憎恨而起的不适当(邪恶的)感觉,复仇或否定他人,在律法所赋与的权力以外,行使惩罚他人的意欲亦被归作愤怒(但丁描述为"love of justice perverted to revenge and spite")。
六)妒忌-因对方所拥有的资产比自己丰富而心怀怨怒(但丁说:‘Love of one's own good perverted to a desire to deprive other men of theirs’)。
七)骄傲-期望他人注视自己或过度爱好自己(因拥有而感到比其他人优越)(holding self out of proper position toward God or fellows; Dante's definition was "love of self perverted to hatred and contempt for one's neighbor")。
各种罪行其实环环相扣,and various attempts at causal hierarchy have been made。例如骄傲(过度迷恋自己)其实暗示了贪食(过份消耗或浪费食物),其余各种罪行亦有相同的连系。每种罪行其实在表现出自视比神更重要,因而未能全心全意全神地投入去爱神。The Scholastic theologians developed schema of attribute and substance of will to explain these sins.
四世纪当时的埃及僧侣 Evagrius Ponticus defined the sins as eight deadly "passions", and in 东正教,these impulses are still characterized as "deadly passions" rather than sins in and of themselves. Instead, to invite and entertain or to refuse to attempt resistance against these passions is considered sinful in Orthodox Christian moral theology.
在天主教教义, consisting of 2,865 numbered sections and first published in 1992 by order of 教宗若望·保禄二世, the seven deadly sins are dealt with in one paragraph. The principal codification of 道德 transgression for Christians continues to be the 十诫 and the 至福, which are a positive statement of morality.
四种基本美德和神学三美德合称为七德行。
As was previously mentioned, the Latin words for the sins are: superbia, invidia, ira, accidia, avaritia, gula and luxuria. The first letters of these words (with the order changed) form the medieval Latin word saligia, whence the verb saligiare (to commit a deadly sin) is taken.
与恶行相呼应的恶魔
1589年Peter Binsfeld把每种罪行配对各个恶魔,who tempted people by means of the associated sin. 根据 Binsfeld 的分类,其配对如下:
Lucifer:骄傲
Mammon:贪婪
Asmodai:好色
Satan:愤怒
Beelzebub:贪食
Leviathan:妒忌
Belphegor:懒惰
Main article: Lust
Lust or lechery, is usually thought of as excessive thoughts or desires of a sexual nature. Aristotle's criterion was excessive love of others, which therefore rendered love and devotion to God as secondary.
Giving in to lusts can lead to sexual or sociological compulsions and/or transgressions including (but not limited to) sexual addiction, fornication, adultery, bestiality, rape, perversion, and incest. In Dante's Purgatorio, the penitent walks within flames to purge himself of lustful/sexual thoughts and feelings. In Dante's "Inferno" unforgiven souls of the sin of lust are blown about in restless hurricane like winds symbolic of their own lack of self control to their lustful passions in earthly life.
[edit] Gluttony
Main article: Gluttony
"Excess"
(Albert Anker, 1896)Derived from the Latin gluttire, meaning to gulp down or swallow, gluttony (Latin, gula) is the over-indulgence and over-consumption of anything to the point of waste. In the Christian religions, it is considered a sin because of the excessive desire for food, or its withholding from the needy.[7]
Depending on the culture, it can be seen as either a vice or a sign of status. Where food is relatively scarce, being able to eat well might be something to take pride in (although this can also result in a moral backlash when confronted with the reality of those less fortunate). Where food is routinely plentiful, it may be considered a sign of self-control to resist the temptation to over-indulge.
Medieval church leaders (e.g., Thomas Aquinas) took a more expansive view of gluttony,[7] arguing that it could also include an obsessive anticipation of meals, and the constant eating of delicacies and excessively costly foods.[8] Aquinas went so far as to prepare a list of six ways to commit gluttony, including:
Praepropere - eating too soon.
Laute - eating too expensively (washedly).
Nimis - eating too much.
Ardenter - eating too eagerly (burningly).
Studiose - eating too daintily (keenly).
Forente - eating wildly (boringly).
[edit] Greed
Main article: Greed
Greed (Latin, avaritia), also known as avarice or covetousness, is, like lust and gluttony, a sin of excess. However, greed (as seen by the church) is applied to the acquisition of wealth in particular. St. Thomas Aquinas wrote that greed was "a sin against God, just as all mortal sins, in as much as man condemns things eternal for the sake of temporal things." In Dante's Purgatory, the penitents were bound and laid face down on the ground for having concentrated too much on earthly thoughts. "Avarice" is more of a blanket term that can describe many other examples of greedy behavior. These include disloyalty, deliberate betrayal, or treason,[citation needed] especially for personal gain, for example through bribery . Scavenging[citation needed] and hoarding of materials or objects, theft and robbery, especially by means of violence, trickery, or manipulation of authority are all actions that may be inspired by greed. Such misdeeds can include simony, where one profits from soliciting goods within the actual confines of a church.
[edit] Acedia
Main article: Acedia
Acedia (Latin, acedia) (from Greek ακηδ?α = neglect to take care of something - and in this case neglect to do whatever one should do in order to be saved) is apathetic listlessness; depression without joy. It is similar to melancholy, although acedia describes the behaviour, while melancholy suggests the emotion producing it. In early Christian thought, the lack of joy was regarded as a wilful refusal to enjoy the goodness of God and the world God created; by contrast, the apathy was regarded as a spiritual affliction that discouraged people from their religious work.
When Thomas Aquinas described acedia in his interpretation of the list, he described it as an uneasiness of the mind, being a progenitor for lesser sins such as restlessness and instability. Dante refined this definition further, describing acedia as the failure to love God with all one's heart, all one's mind and all one's soul; to him it was the middle sin, the only one characterised by an absence or insufficiency of love.
[edit] Despair
Main article: Despair
Despair (Latin, Tristitia) describes a feeling of dissatisfaction or discontent, which causes unhappiness with one's current situation. Since unhappiness inherently results from the sin, the sin was sometimes referred to as sadness. Since sadness often results in acedia, Pope Gregory's revision of the list subsumed Despair into Acedia.
This section requires expansion.
[edit] Sloth
Main article: Sloth (deadly sin)
Gradually, the focus came to be on the consequences of acedia, rather than the cause, and so, by the 17th century, the exact deadly sin referred to was believed to be the failure to utilize one's talents and gifts.[citation needed] In practice, it came to be closer to sloth (Latin, Socordia) than acedia. Even in Dante's time there were signs of this change; in his Purgatorio he had portrayed the penance for acedia as running continuously at top speed.
The modern view goes further, regarding laziness and indifference as the sin at the heart of the matter. Since this contrasts with a more wilful failure to, for example, love God and his works, sloth is often seen as being considerably less serious than the other sins, more a sin of omission than of commission.
[edit] Wrath
Main article: Wrath
Wrath (Latin, ira), also known as anger or "rage", may be described as inordinate and uncontrolled feelings of hatred and anger. These feelings can manifest as vehement denial of the truth, both to others and in the form of self-denial, impatience with the procedure of law, and the desire to seek revenge outside of the workings of the justice system (such as engaging in vigilantism) and generally wishing to do evil or harm to others. The transgressions born of vengeance are among the most serious, including murder, assault, and in extreme cases, genocide. Wrath is the only sin not necessarily associated with selfishness or self-interest (although one can of course be wrathful for selfish reasons, such as jealousy, closely related to the sin of envy). Dante described vengeance as "love of justice perverted to revenge and spite". In its original form, the sin of wrath also encompassed anger pointed internally rather than externally. Thus suicide was deemed as the ultimate, albeit tragic, expression of wrath directed inwardly, a final rejection of God's gifts.
[edit] Envy
Main article: Envy
Like greed, Envy (Latin, invidia) may be characterized by an insatiable desire; they differ, however, for two main reasons. First, greed is largely associated with material goods, whereas envy may apply more generally. Second, those who commit the sin of envy resent that another person has something they perceive themselves as lacking, and wish the other person to be deprived of it. Dante defined this as "love of one's own good perverted to a desire to deprive other men of theirs." In Dante's Purgatory, the punishment for the envious is to have their eyes sewn shut with wire because they have gained sinful pleasure from seeing others brought low. Aquinas described envy as "sorrow for another's good".[9]
[edit] Pride
Main article: Pride
In almost every list Pride (Latin, superbia), or hubris, is considered the original and most serious of the seven deadly sins, and indeed the ultimate source from which the others arise. It is identified as a desire to be more important or attractive than others, failing to acknowledge the good work of others, and excessive love of self (especially holding self out of proper position toward God). Dante's definition was "love of self perverted to hatred and contempt for one's neighbor." In Jacob Bidermann's medieval miracle play, Cenodoxus, pride is the deadliest of all the sins and leads directly to the damnation of the titulary famed Parisian doctor. In perhaps the best-known example, the story of Lucifer, pride (his desire to compete with God) was what caused his fall from Heaven, and his resultant transformation into Satan. In Dante's Divine Comedy, the penitents were forced to walk with stone slabs bearing down on their backs in order to induce feelings of humility.
[edit] Vainglory
Main article: Vainglory
Vainglory (Latin, vanagloria) is unjustified boasting. Pope Gregory viewed it as a form of pride, so he folded vainglory into pride for his listing of sins.
The Latin term gloria roughly means boasting, although its English cognate - glory - has come to have an exclusively positive meaning; historically, vain roughly meant futile, but by the 14th century had come to have the strong narcissistic undertones, of irrelevant accuracy, that it retains today[10]. As a result of these semantic changes, vainglory has become a rarely used word in itself, and is now commonly interpreted as referring to vanity (in its modern narcissistic sense).
更详细资料,就要参考《圣经》中原罪体系论。
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编辑词条七宗罪目录
七宗罪的定义
神权政体
Saligia
天主教七美德
惩罚
与恶行相呼应的恶魔
流行文化
同名**
新七宗罪
新七宗罪
[编辑本段]七宗罪的定义
七宗罪en:Sevendeadlysins,正式译名为七罪宗,属于人类恶行的分类,并由13世纪道明会神父圣多玛斯·阿奎纳列举出各种恶行的表现。天主教教义中提出‘按若望格西安和教宗额我略一世的见解,分辨出教徒常遇到的重大恶行’。[1]‘重大’在这里的意思在于这些恶行属于原罪,例如盗贼的贪婪源于yu望。
这些恶行最初是由希腊神学修道士庞义伐草撰出8种损害个人灵性的恶行,分别是贪食、、贪婪、暴怒、懒惰、自负及傲慢。庞义伐观察到当时的人们逐渐变得自我中心,尤以骄傲为甚。懒惰在这里是指‘精神上懒惰’。
六世纪后期,教宗额我略一世将那8种罪行减至7项,将自负并归入骄傲,伤悲并归入懒惰,并加入妒忌。他的排序准则在于对爱的遗背程度。其顺次序为:傲慢、妒忌、暴怒、懒惰、贪婪、贪食及。较后期的神学家如圣多玛斯·阿奎纳则对这个排序方式抱有不同的意见。
‘重大恶行’与不可饶恕的大罪是不可混而一谈。
圣经原文『和合本歌罗西书』……
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好了,关于“seven deadly sins”的话题就到这里了。希望大家通过我的介绍对“seven deadly sins”有更全面、深入的认识,并且能够在今后的实践中更好地运用所学知识。
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